The gums are soft, fleshy tissues that support and protect the teeth.
Pain in the gums may indicate irritation, infection, or injury to the gums or teeth.
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While gum pain is sometimes a temporary symptom, it can also require dental treatment to prevent further health issues.
This article explores some of the potential causes of gum pain.
Gum pain can vary from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain.
Some possible causes of gum pain include:
Canker sores
Small, painful ulcers that may develop on the gums.
They can be caused by factors such as emotional stress, mouth injuries, a weakened immune system, or other underlying health conditions.
Cuts or injuries
Foods or objects in the mouth can occasionally cause minor cuts or injuries to the gums and teeth. A person might also accidentally bite their gums, leading to pain and sometimes bleeding.
Gum disease
Also referred to as gingivitis, this condition results from a buildup of bacteria beneath the gums, causing inflammation and bleeding.
If not treated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, which may lead to loose teeth.
Smokers are more susceptible to gum disease than non-smokers.
Hormonal changes
Shifts in hormone levels, especially during pregnancy, can lead to gum swelling, pain, and bleeding.
Improper flossing or brushing
Using excessive force or frequency when brushing or flossing can irritate the gums, resulting in pain and bleeding.
Sinusitis
An infection, either bacterial or viral, in the sinuses can cause swelling in the sinus cavity.
This may also lead to gum pain and toothache in some individuals.
Tooth abscess
A bacterial infection at the root of a tooth can result in an abscess, a pus-filled sac.
Tooth abscesses can cause gum swelling and pain and may become serious if the infection spreads to other parts of the body.
It is crucial to seek prompt dental care.
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