Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a condition that leads to dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While it is most commonly seen in young children, it can occur at any age.
Eczema is chronic and often flares up intermittently. Although it can be uncomfortable, it is not contagious.
People with eczema are also at a higher risk of developing food allergies, hay fever, and asthma.
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Regular moisturizing and good skincare practices can help alleviate itching and prevent flare-ups.
Treatment may also involve medicated ointments or creams.
Symptoms
Eczema symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and can vary significantly among individuals.
They may include:
– Dry, cracked skin
– Intense itching (pruritus)
– Rash on swollen skin, which can differ in color based on skin tone
– Small, raised bumps, particularly on brown or Black skin
– Oozing and crusting
– Thickened skin
– Darkening of the skin around the eyes
– Raw, sensitive skin from scratching
Eczema often starts before age 5 and may persist into the teenage and adult years.
Some individuals may experience flare-ups that eventually clear up for extended periods, sometimes even years.
Causes
In some cases, eczema is linked to a genetic variation that affects the skin’s protective capabilities.
A compromised barrier function makes the skin less able to retain moisture and defend against bacteria, irritants, allergens, and environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke.
In other individuals, eczema can result from an overgrowth of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, which can disrupt the skin’s natural balance and barrier function.
A weakened skin barrier may also trigger an immune response, leading to the inflammation and other symptoms associated with eczema.
Eczema is one of several types of dermatitis, alongside conditions like contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff). Dermatitis is not contagious.
Risk Factors
The primary risk factor for eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever, or asthma.
Having relatives with these conditions can increase your likelihood of developing eczema.
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