Diabetes is a condition defined by persistently high blood sugar levels.
There are two primary types:
- Type 1 diabetes: A chronic, autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system erroneously attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells.
- Type 2 diabetes: Develops when the body either doesn’t produce sufficient insulin or its cells become resistant to insulin’s effects. Type 2 is more prevalent.
- Gestational diabetes: A temporary form of high blood sugar that emerges during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth.
Causes of Diabetes
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas (located behind the stomach), is responsible for regulating blood sugar. After food digestion, insulin facilitates the movement of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it’s converted into energy.
In individuals with diabetes, the body struggles to convert glucose into energy, either due to inadequate insulin production or inefficient insulin function.
While Type 1 diabetes is not preventable through lifestyle adjustments, the risk of Type 2 diabetes can be significantly reduced by adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Factors that can increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes include:
- Being overweight or obese
- Maintaining an unhealthy diet
- A family history of Type 2 diabetes
- Being of Asian, Black African, or African Caribbean descent
- Long-term use of certain medications, such as steroids
- Having high blood pressure
- Experiencing gestational diabetes during pregnancy
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