TikTok, known as Douyin in mainland China and Hong Kong, is a short-form video hosting platform owned by the Chinese internet company ByteDance.
It allows users to upload videos that can last anywhere from three seconds to 60 minutes, accessible through a smartphone app.
Since its launch, TikTok has rapidly become one of the most popular social media platforms globally, leveraging recommendation algorithms to connect content creators with wider audiences.
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By April 2020, TikTok had surpassed two billion mobile downloads worldwide, and in 2021, it was ranked by Cloudflare as the most popular website, surpassing Google.
Its popularity has facilitated the emergence of viral trends in food and music, significantly enhancing its cultural influence across the globe.
However, TikTok has faced criticism over various issues, including data privacy concerns, mental health implications, misinformation, and inappropriate content.
Additionally, its role during the Israel-Hamas conflict has also drawn scrutiny.
In response to worries about potential user data collection by the Chinese government via ByteDance, several countries have implemented fines, bans, or restrictions on the app to safeguard children and address national security concerns.
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TikTok Ltd. was established in the Cayman Islands and operates from both Singapore and Los Angeles.
It has four subsidiaries located in the United States, Australia (which also manages the New Zealand market), the United Kingdom (which owns subsidiaries in the European Union), and Singapore (which oversees operations in Southeast Asia and India).
The parent company of TikTok, Beijing-based ByteDance, is owned by its founders, Chinese investors, global investors, and employees.
Notably, one of ByteDance’s primary domestic subsidiaries is partially owned by Chinese state funds and entities via a 1% golden share.
Reports from employees indicate that there are significant overlaps between TikTok and ByteDance in areas such as personnel management and product development.
TikTok has stated that since 2020, its CEO based in the United States has been responsible for key decision-making and has minimized the company’s ties to China.