Infertility is a significant global health issue impacting millions of individuals of reproductive age.
According to available data, approximately one in six people worldwide will experience infertility at some point in their lives.
This condition is classified as a disease of the male or female reproductive system and is defined by the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
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Infertility can be categorized as primary, which refers to the inability to conceive at all, or secondary, which describes the inability to conceive after previously achieving pregnancy.
The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases offers detailed information on the various primary and secondary causes of infertility in both men and women.
Infertility can result from male factors, female factors, a combination of both, or may remain unexplained.
Lifestyle choices, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity, have been linked to increased infertility rates in both men and women.
Every individual has the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
This includes the right of individuals and couples to make informed decisions regarding the number, timing, and spacing of their children.
Thus, addressing infertility is a crucial aspect of enabling individuals and couples to establish families.
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A diverse range of people worldwide may need infertility management and fertility care services.
However, disparities in access to these services disproportionately affect the poor, unmarried, uneducated, unemployed, and other underserved and marginalized groups.
Infertility significantly impacts the lives of affected couples, with women facing heightened risks of violence, divorce, social stigma, emotional distress, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
In certain contexts, the fear of infertility may discourage both women and men from using contraception, particularly when societal pressures compel them to demonstrate fertility at an early age due to the high value placed on childbearing.
Additionally, infertility can impose economic burdens on households, leading to catastrophic out-of-pocket expenses to access treatment.
Things You Don’t Know About Depression
Depressive disorder, commonly known as depression, is a widespread mental health condition that can affect anyone.
It is marked by a persistently low mood or a significant loss of interest or pleasure in activities, lasting for extended periods.
Unlike normal mood fluctuations related to daily life, depressive episodes endure most of the day, nearly every day, for a minimum of two weeks.
Individuals with depression may experience disrupted sleep, appetite changes, low self-esteem, and feelings of hopelessness.
They may also have thoughts of death. Fatigue and difficulty concentrating are also frequent symptoms.
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Depression arises from a complex interplay of social, psychological, and biological factors. Individuals who have experienced abuse, significant losses, or other traumatic events are at a higher risk of developing depression.
Additionally, challenges faced in educational and work environments can contribute to depressive symptoms.
Prevention programs have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the incidence of depression. There are also proven psychological treatments and medications available for managing depression.
However, these resources are frequently unavailable or hard to access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
It is estimated that over 75% of individuals with mental disorders in these regions do not receive any treatment.
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